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A Guard rail is a system designed to keep people or vehicles
from (in most cases unintentionally) straying into dangerous or off-limits
areas. In traffic engineering, a guard rail is used to prevent vehicles from
veering off a road into oncoming traffic, crashing against solid objects (like a
bridge pillar) or falling into a ravine. A secondary goal is to keep the vehicle
upright while it is deflected along the guardrail. The latter goal is made more
difficult by the fact that a guardrail of the best height for a car might not
keep a truck from toppling over it, while a motorbike might slip under a
higher-placed rail. In most cases, a guardrail would not actually be able to
withstand the impact of a vehicle just by the strength of the individual posts
in the area hit by the vehicle. Instead, the guardrail is effectively one strong
band (long metal strips lashed together, steel cables) which transfers the
sideways force of the veering car to multiple posts beyond the impact area or
directly into a ground anchor at the end of the guard rail emplacement.
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American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
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Design of transition from W-beam beam or guardrail system
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National
Ornamental & Miscellaneous Metals Association
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Steel Guard Rail Producers
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